A successful North Carolina shopkeeper by age 20 but broke by 28 when he returned to his native Boston, Thomas Larkin sailed to California laden with trading goods after learning that his half-brother John Rogers Cooper needed help in his
California’s longest-tenured governor under Mexican rule was Juan Bautista Alvarado, who held office for six years from 1836 to 1842. The son and grandson of respected Spanish military sergeants on both sides of his family, he was born in
One of the most able of the Spanish commanders, Admiral Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was dispatched north from Mexico in 1543, with instructions to find the entrance to the hoped-for Northwest Passage to China.
Fleeing from creditors in his native Switzerland, John Augustus Sutter landed in New York in 1834, near penniless. Nevertheless, he disembarked with trunks of books and clothing, and big dreams.
Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1822–in general (though the specifics were different), for much the same political and economic reasons our Thirteen Colonies declared their