The first American emigrant company to bring their wagons across the Sierra Nevada into California was the Stevens-Murphy party (also known as the Stevens-Murphy-Townsend Party) in 1844, in the process opening an important trail along
Advances in the manufacture of cast iron made possible the invention of the cook stove in 1820, the first known labor-saving device for women. Small by later standards, this stove put the cooking surface at waist height for the first time,
What made some pioneer wagon trains successful, and others not? Successful companies prepared strong, enforceable, written constitutions of bylaws, rules,
Although they owned a successful mercantile in Indiana, and were a bit older than the average gold-rusher, Margaret and her husband Ledyard were just as excited by the gold discovery as everyone else.
Women and children constituted the majority of individuals who survived when the California-bound Donner Party wagon train was stranded in the Sierra Nevada over the winter of 1846-47. Fourteen year old Elitha Donner was rescued